khapra beetle countries
A list of target risk countries that have been regulated for the Khapra beetle has been released. Register documents. If this was already a widespread infestation - or if it was about to become one - agriculture in Australia and the economy of Australia would lose hundreds of millions of dollars per year. The Khapra beetle does not present any direct ecological threats to an environment as an invasive species. Shipments of chick peas, safflower seeds, and soybeans from those countries in passenger baggage and personal effects were prohibited through a Federal Order (DA-2011-70) also issued on December 14, 2011. Journal of Stored Products Research 62 (2015): 1-7. documents in the last year, 70 [20] Many North African, Middle East, and South Asian countries, such as Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Syria, Morocco, Sri Lanka, and India are subject to these regulations. documents in the last year, 645 [9], The Khapra beetle has become established in many Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Asian and African countries. The 40 remaining risk countries … As a result the Department immediately began tracking, tracing, inspecting, containing, and treating for the beetles across the ACT and NSW. The Public Inspection page may also [5] The lifespan of adult Khapra beetle is usually between five and ten days. Khapra beetle and associated host material are regulated by the USDA under authority of 7 CFR 319.75. [19] Any of these products shipped from regions in question must first be subject to a phytosanitary treatment, and a certificate stating the shipment has been inspected and found clean must be included with the product. The Khapra Beetle originated in South Asia and is now present throughout much of northern Africa and the Middle East, with a limited presence in Asia, Europe, and southern Africa. Khapra beetle. [2] It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. • Country not listed as a Khapra Beetle target risk country must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate. The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal In fact, it has been described as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide (Lowe et al. 136 and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. 2017. [16] Neem powder repels many insects due to its strong odor, but generally does not kill insects. These import regulations concern the import of rice, chickpeas, safflower seeds, and soybeans from regions determined to be infested with the Khapra beetle. It is considered that the pest no longer occurs in Indonesia. documents in the last year, by the Energy Department The latest literature reveals that the pest is present in more than 35 countries … Verification of pest-free statement may be demanded. 3501 et seq.). The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development in Western Australia states the Khapra beetle is a “regulated quarantine pest in many countries… We are also updating the regulations for certain commodities due to changes in industry practices that have affected the risk of khapra beetle being introduced into the United States. The U.S. entities that may be impacted by the rule are likely to be those involved in importing, handling, moving, processing, or selling regulated articles. A traveler, arriving from Sudan, declared agriculture items after landing at DFW. It is especially prevalent in certain areas of the Middle East, Africa and South Asia, and is also found in certain specialized warm habitats in temperate countries e.g. Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official It can destroy grain quality, making it unfit for human or animal consumption. It is considered that the pest no longer occurs in Indonesia. We are amending the khapra beetle regulations by adding additional regulated articles and regulated countries. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. Because of this, it is regulated as a quarantine pest in many countries, including Canada. 2000). Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is a destructive pest that can reproduce rapidly in stored products under hot conditions and is a significant biosecurity risk to Australia. [21] An amendment to the Khapra beetle import regulations was passed in December 2014, adding Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, South Sudan, and Palestinian Authority to the list of regulated nations. Currently, whole chilies (Capsicum spp. Also, they have characteristic, thick and reddish brown hairs that grow on the posterior end of the larvae. include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request [9] Conversely, walnut and rice diets reduced female fertility and adult weight of the individuals, while increasing the duration of the larval stage. of the issuing agency. As a stored grain pest Khapra Beetle T. granarium was first time reported from India in 1894 by Cotes. We are also redesignating § 319.75-2(a)(8) as § 319.75-2(a)(6). documents in the last year. Immediate action is necessary to prevent the introduction of khapra beetle into the United States on additional host materials and from additional countries. The khapra beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. rendition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov does not Host Plant: Prefer… 12/24/2014 at 8:45 am. We invite you to try out our new beta eCFR site at https://ecfr.federalregister.gov. 2017. [18], Efforts can be taken to prevent contaminated material from being shipped, sea shipping containers can be tracked, and containers can be decontaminated before reuse. Khapra larvae and skin castings under the floorboard of a container. In addition, since the regulations were last updated, some of the names of countries regulated for khapra beetle have changed. The Khapra beetle is one of the 100 worst invasive species on the planet and can find its way into shipments of rice. documents in the last year, 1454 Borzoi et al. We are revising the definition to match the definition of inspector provided in the fruits and vegetables regulations in § 319.56-2. In this Issue, Documents This table of contents is a navigational tool, processed from the Therefore, we are amending the regulations to restrict these host materials from all countries where the Administrator has determined khapra beetle is present. [Accessed Sep 10, 2014]. Learn more here. United States customs agents have discovered it in isolated infestations on the East and West coast of the United States, but until this point have been successful in containing and eradicating the pest. 03/26/2021, 372 1. 2. In particular, we are interested in determining the number and kind of small entities that may incur benefits or costs from the implementation of this interim rule. The regulations currently list goatskins, lambskins, and sheepskins from Sudan and India, except those that are fully tanned, blue-chromed, pickled in mineral acid, or salted and moist, as regulated articles in § 319.75-2(a)(3). 450, 7701-7772, and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. Khapra beetles, scientific name: Trogoderma granariumEverts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are small, oval-shaped and densely hairy, reddish-brown beetles. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of We are also adding bulk, unpackaged seeds to the list of regulated articles in § 319.75-2 due to their potential for infestation by khapra beetle. the material on FederalRegister.gov is accurately displayed, consistent with The full analysis may be viewed on the Regulations.gov Web site (see ADDRESSES above for instructions for accessing Regulations.gov) or obtained from the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. The Administrator will publish the list of countries or areas under a specific jurisdictional authority found to be infested with khapra beetle on the Plant Protection and Quarantine Web site, http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/kb.pdf. A second Federal Order (DA-2011-39) also issued on July 8, 2011, prohibited shipments of rice from those countries in passenger baggage and personal effects. Federal Register. 27 Mar. [23] Countries of origin in question for this policy include much of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. The department has identified the following countries as those where khapra beetle is present: documents in the last year, 230 (c) The Administrator will designate a country or an area under a specific jurisdictional authority as infested with khapra beetle when we receive official notification from the country or area that it is infested or when we intercept the pest in a commercial shipment from that country. Urgent and drastic anti-Khapra Beetle action is being taken by the Federal Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Countries Infested with Khapra Beetle Countries designated by the USDA as having endemic khapra beetle and considered as high risk for introduction include the following: Afghanistan Niger Algeria Nigeria Bangladesh Oman Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) Pakistan Cyprus Palestinian Authority, West … You may submit comments by either of the following methods: Supporting documents and any comments we receive on this docket may be viewed at http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=APHIS-2013-0079 or in our reading room, which is located in room 1141 of the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC. These actions are necessary to prevent the introduction of khapra beetle from infested countries on commodities that have been determined to be hosts for the pest, reflect current industry practices, and make it easier to make timely changes to the list of regulated countries. Khapra beetles are native to India but have since spread to areas in the Mediterranean and Middle East, along with other parts of Asia and Africa, according to the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Mr. George Apgar Balady, Senior Regulatory Policy Specialist, Regulatory Coordination and Compliance, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737-1236; (301) 851-2240. In hot conditions, populations build up swiftly, causing significant losses to produce held in stores such as grain in silos. Start Further Info We will consider all comments that we receive on or before February 27, 2015. are not part of the published document itself. This feature is not available for this document. maltings in the UK, although it may no longer occur in the UK (Peacock, 1993). Currently, brassware and wooden screens from Bombay, India, are listed as regulated articles in § 319.75-2(a)(2), as these commodities have traditionally been shipped in used jute or burlap bags, which are known hosts of the Start Printed Page 77840khapra beetle. In the U.S., Khapra Beetles were first found in California in 1953, which began a … Integrated Taxonomic Information System. In § 319.75-1, the definition of inspector is revised to read as follows: Inspector. documents in the last year, by the International Trade Administration Only official editions of the that agencies use to create their documents. daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial Finally, we are revising § 319.75-4 to correct a wording redundancy and to make the requirements of that section easier to understand. We are also revising footnote 1 in § 319.75-2 to remove the second sentence, which specifically references the entry status of fresh whole chilies and fresh whole peppers from Pakistan under our fruits and vegetables regulations as an example of other restrictions that may apply to articles restricted under the khapra beetle regulations. • Khapra Beetle target risk country must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate with the following additional declaration: “The plant product(s) were inspected and found free from Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium)”. This repetition of headings to form internal navigation links IN 2020, Australia saw a marked increase in khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) interceptions. New Documents Therefore, we are removing current paragraph (a)(6). publication in the future. The khapra beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. About the Federal Register Counts are subject to sampling, reprocessing and revision (up or down) throughout the day. Current regulations restrict the entry of certain articles known to host the khapra beetle, a destructive pest of grain products and seeds. documents in the last year, 1014 [5], Adult beetles are brownish and reddish 1.6–3 mm long. DATES: This final rule is effective July 21, 2015. In 1953, an extensive infestation was found in California. We’ve made big changes to make the eCFR easier to use. Adult Description: These brown beetles are oval had have yellowish-brown to reddish-brown transverse stripes on the elytra and are covered with fine hairs. documents in the last year, 799 regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of documents in the last year, by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission The President of the United States communicates information on holidays, commemorations, special observances, trade, and policy through Proclamations. and services, go to From the 16th of December, the target risk countries list will be updated, reducing down to 40 countries from the original list. ), and cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum) in new jute or burlap bags from Pakistan are listed as regulated articles in § 319.75-2(a)(8). These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the 03/26/2021, 834 Electronic Data Information Source Publicaton EENY-372 (IN667). To be sure someone is there to help you, please call (202) 799-7039 before coming. ", International Plant Protection Convention, "Australian Biosecurity Awards 2020 Round 2 award recipients", Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, "7 CFR § 319.75-2 - Regulated articles. "Effects of Extreme Temperatures on the Survival of the Quarantine Stored-Product Pest, Trogoderma Granarium (Khapra Beetle)." Section 319.75-4 is revised to read as follows: Prior to moving into the United States from the port of entry, a regulated article listed in § 319.75-2(a) shall be treated for possible infestation with khapra beetle in accordance with part 305 of this chapter. The beetle was found in the packaging of one consignment of tea from Sri Lanka, which was transported to Russia. Subsequent surveys revealed its presence in Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas. 26 Mar. from 42 agencies. The Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE) will implement new measures for sea containers from 12 April 2021 to counter the rapid global threat from Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium). These import regulations concern the import of rice, chickpeas, safflower seeds, and soybeansfrom regions determined to be infested with the Khapra beetle. Infestations of khapra beetle are difficult to control because of the insect's ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and low-moisture food, and its resistance to many insecticides. Fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective treatment. the official SGML-based PDF version on govinfo.gov, those relying on it for ), safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius), and soybeans (Glycine max) from countries where khapra beetle is known to occur due to these commodities being repeatedly found to be infested with khapra beetle. documents in the last year, 41 The latest literature reveals that the pest is present in more than 35 countries of the world (PASEK, 2004). khapra beetle, which was published in the Official Gazette (DOF) on July 4, 1996. Immature larvae are up to 5 millimeters long and are covered in dense, reddish-brown hair. Countries will be added to the list of regulated areas when we receive official notification from the country that it is infested or when we intercept the pest in a commercial shipment from that country. While khapra beetle is not known to occur in the U.S., khapra beetle The Australian Department of Agriculture has identified the following countries as target risk countries: A: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria Because these commodities may be shipped in other khapra beetle host material and from other countries that are infested with khapra beetle, we are amending the regulations to specify that the importation of whole chilies, whole red peppers, and cumin seeds is restricted from all countries infested with khapra beetle when packed in new jute or burlap bagging. [8], The Khapra beetle's physiology is significantly impacted by its diet. [8] The eggs are initially a milky white but over several hours turn a pale yellowish color. [23] Any imports of these products require a phytosanitary certificate stating the product is inspected and cleaned. These actions were necessary to prevent the introduction of khapra beetle from infested countries on commodities that have been determined to be hosts for the pest, reflect current industry practices, and make it easier to make timely changes to the list of regulated countries. It is not an official legal edition of the Federal to require a phytosanitary certificate of inspection for the entry of rice (Oryza sativa) in commercial shipments from countries where khapra beetle is known to occur. It is a destructive pest of grain, stored products, and seeds. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, is a serious pest of grains and stored dry food stuffs and is the subject of strict quarantine measures in many countries including Australia. [3] Infestations are difficult to control because of the insect's ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and low-moisture food, and its resistance to many insecticides. Rome, 30 December 2020– Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium poses an ongoing threat to agricultural industries, even in countries with strong biosecurity systems.The threat is even greater when all it could take to introduce one of the world’s most serious pests to stored grain, is a … Khapra beetle is found throughout Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/plant_imports/federal_order/index.shtml#beetle. The Australian Department of Agriculture has identified the following countries as target risk countries: A: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria Native To: Possibly India ( CABI) Date of U.S. Introduction: First discovered in California in 1953, but the infestation was eradicated; since then, it has been frequently intercepted on imported cargo ( Harris 2015) Means of Introduction: A Rule by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on 12/29/2014. Adult khapra beetle Khapra beetle larvae on a maize kernal What is khapra beetle? T. granarium does not appear to be established in South-East Asia, South America or Australia. ), whole red peppers (Capsicum spp. Section 319.75-2(c) will detail the notice-based process by which we will add countries to the list of regulated areas. by the Small Business Administration "Population Growth of the Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma Granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on Different Commodities." for better understanding how a document is structured but [5] The beetle prefers hot, dry conditions and can be found in areas where grain and other potential food is stored, such as pantries, malt houses, grain and fodder processing plants, and stores of used grain sacks or crates. However, we do not currently have all of the data necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the effects of this rule on small entities. [23], Canadian Food Inspection Agency Trogoderma Granarium Factsheet (, University of Florida Featured Creatures - Khapra Beetle (, Hadaway, A.B. Non-khapra beetle countries enforce quarantine restrictions on the imported commodities from khapra beetle countries. Overseas, khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is a serious pest of stored grains, rice, oilseeds and dried foodstuffs. Origin of Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium may have originated from the Indian subcontinent and is still present in some areas of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and a few countries in Europe. Khapra Beetle is a vigorous and persistent infester… "Different Diets Affecting Biology and Digestive Physiology of the Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma Granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)." 1.5-3.5mm long, 1.1-2.0mm wide 2. head and the first third of the body is dark reddish-brown 3. wing covers (elytra), reddish- or yellowish-brown, usually with indistinct lighter bands marked by whitish hairs 4. venter (underside) of body, reddish-brown 5. legs, yellowish-brown 6. hairs (setae) on the dorsal surface are of two types: evenly distributed, yellowish-bro… documents in the last year, 27 7 U.S.C. The Khapra beetle is native to India, but has spread to the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Europe. Federal Register issue. Under these circumstances, the Administrator has determined that prior notice and opportunity for public comment are contrary to the public interest and that there is good cause under 5 U.S.C. ), safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius), and soybeans (Glycine max). documents in the last year, 1486 This interim rule is effective December 29, 2014. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. 03/26/2021, 154 CBP agriculture specialists inspected the traveler’s luggage including over 2 pounds of jujubes (Ziziphus sp.) [17] Higher concentrations of extract led to higher mortality among the initial generation and subsequent offspring. 603, we have performed an initial regulatory flexibility analysis, which is summarized below, regarding the economic effects of this rule on small entities. Khapra beetle is a significant global threat. (2) Chick peas (Cicer spp. Khapra beetle: A serious threat to food security and safety 483 Chronological overview of Trogoderma As a stored grain pest Khapra beetle T. granarium was first time reported from India in 1894 by Cotes. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has established restrictions on grain and cereal imports from regions known for Khapra beetle infestation since July 2011. Khapra beetle in a jujubes. More information and documentation can be found in our After a change is made to the list of infested countries or areas, we will publish a notice in the Federal Register informing the public that the change has occurred. All imports are subject to inspection upon entering Canada. 03/26/2021, 215 on 1. documents in the last year, 1085 Federal Register provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR part 319 as follows: 1. The Sri Lanka Tea Board expressed that the specimen may have remained in the shipping container following the use of the same container for a previous transport of grain, not of Sri Lankan origin. The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) is one of the world’s most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you [17] Prolonged exposure to extreme cold and heat have demonstrated marginal impact, but most larvae were found to have survived extremes well beyond the threshold needed to kill adult beetles. Wilches, D., R. Laird, K. Floate, and P. Fields. These tools are designed to help you understand the official document However, it is still useful in protecting crops from infestations. 1503 & 1507. documents in the last year, 99 2017. Rather than amending the regulations to update the list of regulated countries in § 319.75-2(b), we are instead removing the list of regulated countries from the regulations and moving it to the Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) Web site at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/kb.pdf. Be sure to leave feedback using the 'Feedback' button on the bottom right of each page! Web. 553 for making this action effective less than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register. Information regarding the beetle's behavior in non-human environments is limited. to the courts under 44 U.S.C. This site displays a prototype of a “Web 2.0” version of the daily This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. Morphologically the khapra beetle can only be reliably identified by dissection by a limited number of skilled taxonomists. Khapra beetles probably originated in South Asia, are a severe pest of grains, and considered to be one of the top inva-sive, species in the world.. Trogoderma granarium is considered medically im-portant and a quarantinable insect be-cause the larval hairs can cause severe … However, it is possible that untreated goatskins, lambskins, and sheepskins may be imported into the United States from other countries where khapra beetle is found. Because the regulations were last revised prior to the transfer of port inspection duties to Customs and Border Protection, we are also revising the definition of inspector provided in § 319.75-1. Larvae Description:The larvae are yellowish-brown and spindle-shaped that grow up to 5mm in length. [22], Australia maintains Khapra beetle import restrictions on all types of seeds, nuts, spices, dried fruits and vegetables, and any unprocessed agricultural products. The importation of regulated articles may be subject to prohibitions or additional restrictions under other provisions of 7 CFR part 319, such as Subpart—Foreign Cotton and Covers (see § 319.8) and Subpart—Fruits and Vegetables (see § 319.56). 2. Consequently, khapra beetle is no longer being detected in shipments of brassware and wooden screens. This rule: (1) Preempts all State and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule; (2) has no retroactive effect; and (3) does not require administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court challenging this rule. Management Info. 03/26/2021, 36 This document has been published in the Federal Register. documents in the last year, 19 Athanassiou, Christos G., Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, and Maria C. Boukouvala. if in shipments greater than 2 ounces, if not for propagation; (2) Goatskins, lambskins, and sheepskins (excluding goatskins, lambskins, and sheepskins which are fully tanned, blue-chromed, pickled in mineral acid, or salted and moist); (3) Plant gums and seeds shipped as bulk cargo (in an unpackaged state); (4) Used jute or burlap bagging not containing cargo; (5) Used jute or burlap bagging that is used as a packing material (such as filler, wrapping, ties, lining, matting, moisture retention material, or protection material), and the cargo for which the used jute or burlap bagging is used as a packing material; and. Seeds of the plant family Cucurbitaceae include but are not limited to: Benincasa hispida (wax gourd), Citrullus Lanatus (watermelon), Cucumis melon (muskmelon, cantaloupe, honeydew), Cumumis sativius (cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin, squashes, vegetable marrow), Lagenaria siceraria (calabash, gourd), Luffa cylindrica (dishcloth gourd), Mormoridica charantia (bitter melon), and Sechium edule (chayote). 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (n.d.): n. pag. This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 21:20. Relevant information about this document from Regulations.gov provides additional context. Therefore, we are amending the regulations to remove the specific reference to brassware and wooden screens in § 319.75-2(a)(2) as these items are already restricted when shipped in or packed with used jute or burlap bagging. Any individual authorized by the Administrator or the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security, to enforce the regulations in this subpart. We are codifying the requirements of these Federal Orders by adding rice, chick peas, safflower seeds, and soybeans to the list of regulated articles in § 319.75-2.
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