spanish exploration and conquest apush

Like the French later in North America, the Spanish tolerated and sometimes even supported interracial marriage. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. Completed vocabulary flashcards (In sandwich bag) 6. 10th - 11th grade. Through persuasion, and maybe because some Aztecs thought Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl, the Spaniards entered Tenochtitlán peacefully. Aztec dominance rested upon fragile foundations and many of the region’s semi-independent city-states yearned to break from Aztec rule while nearby kingdoms, including Tarascans to the north, and the remains of Maya city-states on the Yucatán peninsula, chafed at Aztec power. Practice: The Columbian Exchange, Spanish exploration, and conquest. In the encomienda, the Spanish crown granted a person not only land but a specified number of natives as well. system, Spanish colonial economies marshaled Native In the . Hernan Cortes, an ambitious, thirty-four year old Spaniard who had won riches in the conquest of Cuba, organized an invasion of Mexico in 1519. ... What was the most important 15th and 16th century goal of Spanish conquest and exploration as revealed by the conquistadors? Encomenderos brutalized their laborers with punishing labor. By 1600, mestizos made up a large portion of the colonial population. Largely separated by wealth and influence from the peninsulares and criollos, however, mestizos typically occupied a middling social position in Spanish New World society. During the 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea became the focal point of European efforts to reach the riches of Asia by a sea route, rather than depend on the dangerous, costly and … The Catholic Church endorsed interracial marriage as a moral bulwark against bastardy and rape. Spanish soldier-explorers, especially those who conquered the native peoples of Mexico and Peru, to change a person's religious beliefs so they accept a different or new religion, a person who travels to a territory or community in order to make converts to his or her religion, a violent action in opposition to a government or law; American Indians did this often to stand up against Spanish conquests, the first Spanish explorer to explore what eventually became the United States; he started a settlement in Florida, a new settlement or territory established and governed by a country in another land. But like the Aztecs, unrest between the Incas and conquered groups created tensions and left the empire vulnerable to foreigners. Smallpox spread in advance of Spanish conquerors and hit the Incan empire in 1525. Regularized in the mid-1600s but rooted in medieval practices, the Sistema de Castas organized individuals into various racial groups based upon their supposed “purity of blood.” Various classifications—often elaborately arrived at—became almost prerequisites for social and political advancement in Spanish colonial society. Periods 1 and 2. Completed FRQ essay S t u d e n t s wi l l b e q u i zze d o n i n f o rma t i o n f ro m t h e p a cke t i n t h e f i rst we e k o f sch o o l . Some it covered on all parts—their faces, their heads, their breasts, and so on. But Maya civilization, although it had not disappeared, nevertheless collapsed before European arrival, likely due to droughts and unsustainable agricultural practices. Laborers, craftsmen, soldiers, clerks, and priests all crossed the Atlantic in large numbers. The temples were unmade. After two years of conflict, a million-person strong empire was toppled by disease, dissension, and a thousand European conquerors. A powerful empire located in present day Mexico. Mestizo mothers, for instance, might insist that their mestizo daughters were actually castizas, or quarter-Indians, who, if they married a Spaniard, could, in the eyes of the law, produce “pure” criollo children entitled to the full rights and opportunities of Spanish citizens. A vast administrative hierarchy governed its new holdings: royal appointees oversaw an enormous territory of landed estates and Indian laborers and administrators regulated the extraction of gold and silver and oversaw their transport across the Atlantic in Spanish galleons. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Motives were plain: said one soldier, “we came here to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.” Mercenaries joined the conquest and raced to capture the human and material wealth of the New World. Slaves labored especially on Spain’s Caribbean plantation islands. A massive pyramid temple, the Templo Mayor, was located at the city center (its ruins can still be found in the center of Mexico City). The Spanish managed labor relations through a legal system known as the encomienda, an exploitive feudal arrangement in which Spain tied Indian laborers to vast estates. Hernando De Soto tortured and raped and enslaved his way across the Southeast. Spanish Exploration opened up new markets and other economic opportunities for Spain in the Americas APUSH Chapter 1A New World Exploration and Spanish Conquest study guide by angaleenaaxo includes 48 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Cortés then led the exploration of the Yucatán Peninsula in hopes of attaining glory. A. Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas led to widespread deadly epidemics, the emergence of racially mixed populations, and a caste system defined by an intermixture among Spanish settlers, Africans, and Native Americans. Answer. In central America the Maya built massive temples, sustained large populations, and constructed a complex and long-lasting civilization with a written language, advanced mathematics, and stunningly accurate calendars. Motives were plain: said one soldier, “we came here to … An elaborate racial hierarchy marked Spanish life in the New World. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, one of Cortez’s soldiers, later recalled, “When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land, we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments … Some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream? European Exploration 27 … Promotion of empire. ... 15th and 16th century Spanish exploration and conquest created a racially mixed culture known as. APUSH Period 1 DRAFT. Wikimedia. Diseases such as mumps, measles, typus, and smallpox ravaged the Native American populations. Montezuma was branded a traitor and uprising ignited the city. Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas were accompanied and furthered by widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and by the introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas. Spaniards, often single, young, and male, emigrated for the various promises of land, wealth, and social advancement. The Spanish Conquistadores Extra# 10. Many manipulated the Casta System to gain advantages for themselves and their children. ... APUSH: Chapter 1 20 Terms. a year ago. When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico they found a sprawling civilization centered around Tenochtitlan, an awe-inspiring city built on a series of natural and man-made islands in the middle of Lake Texcoco, located today within modern-day Mexico City. Militaristic migrants from northern Mexico, the Aztecs moved south into the Valley of Mexico, conquered their way to dominance, and built the largest empire in the New World. Start studying Spanish Exploration and Conquest. APUSH Spring 2021 Crash Course ... Spanish Exploration, and Conquest. Eventually, the Aztecs revolted. A. Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas led to widespread deadly epidemics, the emergence of racially mixed populations, and a caste system defined by an intermixture among Spanish settlers, Africans, and Native Americans. APUSH SUMMER ASSIGNMENT: 2020-2021 If you are enrolled in AP US History for the 2020-2021 school year you are asked to complete the summer assignment. One Spanish observer said it “spread over the people as great destruction. Historical Background: During the Middle Ages, the Spanish Christians carried out the reconquest (Reconquista) of Spain from the Muslims, creating several Christian states in the What were the reasons for, and impact of Spanish Exploration in the Americas? Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, “Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops,” 1848. The European population grew as cheap, healthy foods were introduced to the European diet. I wanted to take a moment to share with you some of the exciting changes that After Bartolome de las Casas and other reformers shamed the Spanish for their harsh Indian policies in the 1530s, the Spanish outlawed Indian slavery. Spanish colonization . It brought a movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Intended as a milder system, the repartimiento nevertheless replicated many of the abuses of the older system and the rapacious exploitation of the native population continued as Spain spread its empire over the Americas. Next lesson. Increased wealth of Spain. He told stories of rich silks and rare spices, gold and jewels, and luxurious palaces. Spanish claims in the 1600s in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. It looks like your browser needs an update. Instead, the massive native populations within Spain’s New World Empire ensured a level of cultural and racial mixture–or Mestizaje–unparalleled in British North America. Meanwhile Spanish migrants poured into the New World. B. Browse. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. The parts that will be collected are attached. 15,000 died. Direction: Included in this packet are the reading guides to Chapters 1 & 2 of your APUSH textbook. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION -- including Spanish Conquest / Econcomienda System / French / Dutch / and English Exploration. They were not quite Indios, or Indians, but their lack of limpieza de sangre, or “pure blood,” removed them from the privileges of full-blooded Spaniards. The impact of contact on the New World. The movement of living things between Europe and the New World. Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas were accompanied and furthered by widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and by the introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas. Further south, along the Andes Mountains in South America, the Quechuas, or Incas, managed a vast mountain empire. Smallpox ravaged the city. Spain expanded into these areas to protect the land from being claimed by other European nations. APUSH PERIOD ONE KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW ... Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas were accompanied and furthered by widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and by the introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas. In 1494, the two kingdoms signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which moved the line a few degrees to the west. Cortes then captured the emperor Montezuma and used him to gain control of the Aztecs’ gold and silver reserves and its network of mines. Epidemics ravaged the population, cutting the empire’s population in half, killing the Incan emperor Huayna Capac and many members of his family and sparking a bloody war of succession. answer choices . steph_walsh. Their descendants, New World-born Spaniards, or criollos, occupied the next rung and rivaled the peninsulares for wealth and opportunity. encomienda. Instead he found the pueblo people of the Southwest. This unit covers the time period of 1491-1607. Notable topics in this unit include European exploration and encounters in the Americas, the Columbian Exchange, Labor, Slavery and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System, and cultural interactions between Europeans, Native Americans and Africans. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and it remains the oldest, continuously occupied European settlement in the present-day United States. Spanish explorers with hopes of conquest in the New World were known as conquistadores. The Spaniard’s eighty-five day siege cut off food and fresh water. In 1586, Spanish settlers in St. Augustine discovered their vulnerability to attack when the English pirate Sir Francis Drake destroyed the town with a fleet of twenty ships and one hundred men. APUSH -- PERIOD 1 - 1491-1607 ... ppt: Download File. As with all major seafaring European nations, they were in pursuit of the fabled Northwest Passage, a direct route to Asia. There were simply too few Spanish women in the New World to support the natural growth of a purely Spanish population. After Bartolome de Las Casas published his incendiary account of Spanish abuses (The Destruction of the Indies), Spanish authorities abolished the encomienda in 1542 and replaced it with the repartimiento. As Spain’s New World empire expanded, Spanish conquerors met the massive empires of Central and South America, civilizations that dwarfed anything found in North America. European Exploration and Spanish Conquest APUSH Ms. Weston 8.23.12 Who were the “indirect discoverers” of the New World? Spanish Exploration and Conquest As news of the Spanish conquest spread, wealth-hungry Spaniards poured into the New World seeking land and gold and titles. Mexican retablo of “Our Lady of Guadalupe,” 19th century, in El Paso Museum of Art. When the Spaniards arrived they could scarcely believe what they saw: 70,000 buildings, housing perhaps 200,000-250,000 people, all built on a lake and connected by causeways and canals. Tenochtitlan, founded in 1325, rivaled the world’s largest cities in size and grandeur. Mulatto. Our Lady of Guadalupe is perhaps the most culturally important and extensively reproduced Mexican-Catholic image. Search. Chapter 1 focuses on the period of 1492-1607 and Chapter 2 focuses on the rise of the 13 colonies. Inspired by Cortes’s conquest of Mexico, Francisco Pizzaro moved South and arrived amid an empire torn by chaos. to have a direct effect on a person or thing.

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